Which vitamin protects cells against water-soluble chemical exposure?

• A. Vitamin A
• B. Vitamin C
• C. Vitamin D
• D. Vitamin B12

Answer: (B)

Antioxidant protection in the watery compartments of the cell helps guard against damage from chemicals that dissolve in water. Vitamin C is a water-soluble antioxidant that sits in extracellular fluids and the cytosol, where it donates electrons to neutralize reactive oxygen and nitrogen species produced by exposure to water-soluble chemicals. This scavenging action helps prevent damage to proteins, lipids, and DNA, making Vitamin C especially effective in protecting cells in aqueous environments. It also supports the regeneration of other antioxidants, contributing to overall redox balance. By contrast, fat-soluble vitamins like A and D work in lipid environments and have roles such as vision, skin health, and calcium metabolism, while Vitamin B12 is primarily involved in metabolism and nerve function rather than direct protection against water-soluble chemical exposure.