Which nutrient deficiency is most strongly linked to neural tube defects in early pregnancy?

• A. Folate (folic acid).
• B. Vitamin B12.
• C. Iron.
• D. Vitamin D.

Answer: (A)

Folate is needed for DNA synthesis and rapid cell division in the early embryo. Neural tube closure happens very early in pregnancy, often before a woman knows she’s pregnant. When folate levels are deficient, the neural tube may not close properly, leading to neural tube defects such as spina bifida and anencephaly. That’s why folate deficiency is the nutrient most strongly linked to these defects and why preconception folic acid supplementation and dietary folate are emphasized. Folate is found in leafy greens, legumes, fortified foods, and supplements. While vitamin B12, iron, and vitamin D are important for pregnancy health, they are not as directly connected to neural tube closure as folate.