Which nutrient deficiency is most strongly linked to neural tube defects in early pregnancy?

• A. Folate (folic acid).
• B. Vitamin C.
• C. Iron.
• D. Zinc.

Answer: (A)

Folate is essential for making DNA and supporting rapid cell division in the early embryo. The neural tube forms and closes very early in pregnancy, often before a woman knows she’s pregnant. When folate is deficient, cells don’t divide and differentiate properly during this critical window, increasing the risk that the neural tube fails to close, leading to neural tube defects such as spina bifida or anencephaly. Ensuring adequate folate intake before conception and in early pregnancy dramatically lowers this risk. Folate is found in leafy greens, legumes, and fortified grains, and many guidelines advise a daily supplementation of about 400 micrograms of folic acid for those planning pregnancy or of childbearing age. While vitamin C, iron, and zinc support other aspects of health and development, they are not the nutrient most strongly linked to neural tube closure.