Which disease condition is characterized by elevated blood pressure, often with dietary sodium reduction as a management component?

• A. Anemia
• B. Hypotension
• C. Hypertension
• D. Hyperlipidemia

Answer: (C)

Elevated blood pressure is managed in part by reducing dietary sodium because sodium affects how much fluid sits in the bloodstream. When sodium intake is high, the body retains more water, increasing blood volume and the pressure in the arteries. Lowering sodium can decrease blood volume and reduce vascular resistance, helping to lower blood pressure and reduce cardiovascular risk. This nonpharmacologic approach is commonly used alongside other lifestyle changes and, when needed, medications. The other conditions described—anemia, hypotension, and hyperlipidemia—do not centers on high blood pressure as their defining issue. Therefore, the condition described is hypertension.