Renal-diet modification often involves restricting intake of which two nutrients?

• A. Carbohydrates and fat.
• B. Vitamin A and potassium.
• C. Fiber and calcium.
• D. Protein and sodium.

Answer: (D)

Renal-diet adjustments center on reducing the kidneys’ workload and keeping fluid and blood pressure in balance. Limiting protein lowers the production of nitrogenous waste the kidneys must filter, which reduces toxin buildup and eases the filtering burden. Sodium restriction helps prevent fluid retention and edema and helps control blood pressure, both of which are common problems when kidney function is impaired. The other options don’t target these two core renal-management goals—carbohydrates and fats relate to energy, while the minerals or other nutrients listed are not the standard pair addressed together in typical renal diets. Therefore, restricting protein and sodium best fits renal-diet guidance.