In a population with lactose intolerance, which nutrient must be monitored for adequacy and what alternative source could be used?

• A. Vitamin D; sun exposure suffices.
• B. Calcium; dairy products are the only source.
• C. Calcium; leafy greens provide calcium but may be insufficient for some individuals.
• D. Calcium; fortified non-dairy sources or lactose-free dairy.

Answer: (D)

Calcium is the nutrient to focus on because lactose intolerance can limit dairy intake, increasing the risk of calcium shortfall and weaker bone health. To maintain adequacy, opt for fortified non-dairy sources such as calcium-fortified plant milks, juices, and cereals, or lactose-free dairy products that still supply calcium. Leafy greens do contribute calcium, but their amounts and absorption vary and may not meet needs for everyone. Vitamin D matters for calcium absorption, but relying on sun exposure alone isn’t consistently reliable. Using calcium from fortified or lactose-free options helps ensure adequate intake despite dairy restriction.